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What are the major types of kayaks?
Depending on how you look at things there are three to five major
classifications of kayaks. For our purposes we'll name four:
- Ocean or sea -- Used for touring or expeditions, these kayaks are
usually long and built to be seaworthy. Sea kayaks are well suited to inland
flat water (lakes, bays, rivers) but are not maneuverable enough to be
effective in whitewater. Sea kayaks can be designed specifically for speed,
stability, and with storage space for long trips. Tandem (built for two) and
sailing models are available.
- Whitewater -- Typically shorter and more maneuverable, some styles
are designed specifically for play while others are more suited to all day
trips.
- Recreational or crossover -- Suited for multiple uses, the
crossover may be designed for sea, flat water or whitewater. Some crossovers
are designed for performance while others may be better suited to paddling
around, fishing, or casual play. Tandem (built for two) models are
available.
- Specialty -- Our term for "everything else," includes
traditional skin on frame, wooden, inflatable, and folding kayaks. At this
time, WickedWaters.com does not sell specialty kayaks.
How do I choose a kayak that's right for me?
First we recommend that you read up
on kayaking and you try out a variety of kayaks. You can always call us
toll free, 888-440-WAVE (9283), or click on live chat for
individual support.
This Web site provides
specifications about each kayak and overall features and design
characteristics. Or follow our
advanced kayak selector
and you should end up narrowing
down your choices to one or two. The guide allows you to select
criteria such as your style of kayaking, weight, materials,
manufacturer, and even price. Once you click SUBMIT, you may see a
"refine search" option. This will allow you to narrow down the
search even further.
If
you're buying an Azul sea kayak, you should specify your body size,
(weight and inseam) and anything relevant to your style of kayaking.
We'll work with the manufacturers to give you a custom fit.
Talk
with our sales team via live chat, available 24/7. They will help you to
find the right kayak and help you purchase accessories. If your case is
complex, they will consult directly with kayaking experts to assure you
get the best design for your needs.
Shouldn't I test drive my kayak before buying?
We absolutely encourage you to rent different
styles of kayaks and enjoy different experiences before you buy. And it's
helpful if you have enough experience to understand the range of styles and
features offered in kayaking. But let's face it, one test drive isn't a fair
gage of how you will like a kayak once you gain experience or once you spend a
few days playing around. No dealer keeps more than a few kayaks in stock for you
to test out while we offer a complete line with hundreds of options and
features. Our kayaks are so well designed and we offer so much more to
accommodate your situation that we're certain you will be thrilled with the
results. We offer a no
risk guarantee so don't worry. Everything is going to be O.K.!
What materials should my kayak be made of?
Kayaks have been made from an amazing
assortment of materials, including, wood, tree bark, seals skin,
aluminum, and more. Most contemporary kayaks are made of either
plastic, fiberglass, or a similar composite. Here's the lowdown:
Plastic--Most
well made plastic kayaks are molded from linear polyethylene.
Linear polyethylene is stiffer than regular polyethylene and therefore a
better material for kayaking. There are two main problems with plastics,
(1) warping and distortion (2) fuzzing. A kayak's shape is critical to
its performance in the water. Even minor distortions in shape can effect
speed, performance and stability. Distortions in shape can be permanent
from heat or temporary from pressure of the water bending the body of
the kayak. Fuzzing, refers to shredding and scratching of the surface of
the kayak. Plastics tend to get "fuzzy" over time from
moderate wear and tear. A smooth, slick surface is faster since it
slides through the water with less resistance.
Xytec--The
plastic used by Sun, Riot and Azul, Xytec, is similar to linear
polyethylene but is stiffer, more heat resistant, lighter, and less
prone to fuzzing. We think it's the next best thing (maybe better) to fiberglass.
Fiberglass--Made
from layered glass cloth bound by resin, fiberglass offers the
advantages of stiffness, durability and light weight. When properly
made, fiberglass is very tough but is subject to chipping and
cracking. It can be made stronger by using Kevlar instead of glass. You
may request additional reinforcement in the manufacture of your kayak
either by additional layering or by Kevlar reinforcement.
What factors effect stability,
tracking, and maneuverability?
Sea kayaks
are long, wider in the middle and narrow at both tips. A wider middle
(beam) adds stability. A Keel-like shape at the tips helps to
slice through water and contributes to tracking (the ability to follow a
straight course) and stability. Wider kayaks are more stable (less
likely to roll). The overall shape of the middle and the way the kayak
curves out of the water also effects stability. A hull shape that flairs
toward the water will increase stability. A rigid angled hull (hard
chine) may improve turning performance and add primary stability (reduce
side-to-side rocking) but will make secondary stability unpredictable by
creating a point of no return. A rounder shape (soft chine) will lesson the chance of a
surprise roll but will reduce primary stability allowing more
side-to-side rocking. The use of a skeg or rudder adds control and stability to
a kayak.
Whitewater
kayaks may be designed for quick turns and tricks such as
cartwheels. The design of a whitewater kayak may be suited to work best
for specific body weights and levels of experience. The design of a
whitewater kayak is complex and Riot kayaks are quite innovative so it's
probably more useful to understand how they perform rather than the
specific mechanics.
What's the difference between a rudder and a skeg?
A
rudder
fits on the back of
a sea or crossover kayak. It is useful for steering especially in tides,
currents and winds. Rudders are steered by foot peddles and are
retractable for shallow water or when not needed. Using foot peddles to
steer may make kayaking less comfortable and rudders create drag.
Because the ends of a kayak clear the water in choppy conditions, a
rudder can become ineffective.
A
skeg
fits under the
middle or back of a kayak. It is useful for situations where tracking becomes
difficult. A skeg cannot be turned like a rudder, can be used fully
extended, partially extended or fully retracted.
Should I add a rudder to my kayak?
Rudder
use is a matter of preference. Some paddlers find rudders invaluable when
traveling cross current and in wind. Others find the foot peddles a distraction
and prefer to steer with their paddling. Some kayaks by design track well in
most conditions without a rudder.
Should I add a skeg
to my kayak?
Again
a matter of preference, having a skeg can be very useful in some conditions. If
you expect to tour in windy or rough conditions, you may find that a skeg comes
in very handy.
How do
I choose a paddle?
A lot depends on your paddling style and your situation. For long distances
smaller blades may make the trek easier–sort
of like a bicycle in a middle gear. For power stroking–rapid
turns and sprinting–a larger blade will come in handy. Ideal paddles are stiff
and light. Again, using the bicycle analogy, the crank is a very important part
because it propels the bike. The paddle is very important because it propels the
kayak. The more strokes, the more important the paddle becomes. So if you see
yourself needing an edge, look for a lighter, stiffer carbon blade and a
lighter, stiffer carbon/glass shaft.
How do
I decide on paddle length?
A lot depends on your paddling style. Most people adjust to a small variation in
paddle length. Ideally, the entire blade goes into the water with little excess.
Paddling height (where you hold the paddle shaft), beam (boat width) and your
torso length are all factors. For ocean style kayaking 225 cm is average, for
whitewater 195 cm is about average.
Should
I worry about flipping over my kayak?
This
is a common concern among recreational users. All of our crossover
kayaks are very stable and unlikely to flip unless waters are turbulent.
Most kayaks are simple to exit once flipped. Choosing a larger cockpit
makes exiting a kayak easier. Kayak users should practice flipping and
exiting their kayaks in a safe place with companions assisting them. Of
course many kayakers enjoy confronting "the edge" but if this is not
your cup of tea, with a little experience and proper technique, a conservative
paddler on flatwater will seldom roll their kayak.
How
can I reduce the risks?
Kayaking
is not without risks. Following mariner guidelines will improve your
safety.
Here is a
partial
list of safety tips
. . .
Hypothermia--One
of the
greatest risks to sea kayakers is hypothermia. Inexperienced kayakers should avoid
very cold waters. Always dress appropriately. Depending on water temperatures, a wet
suit or a dry suit may be a requirement. If you plan cold water
outings, you should learn all you can about cold water survival so you
understand the risks.
The
Other Guy--As with driving a car, you must drive defensively. Motor boats,
tugs, ships--any large vessels--pose a significant risk to kayakers.
Gear--Always
wear a life jacket. Sea kayakers should consider bringing a paddle float, rescue float, bailer or
pump. Keep a map, know your landmarks and use a compass. Use
protective head gear for whitewater kayaking.
Weather--Check
weather forecasts, for storm dangers, wind, fog, chop, currents and
tides.
Safety
in Numbers--Travel
with at least one other person. Join a club and travel with experienced
kayakers for challenging conditions.
Leave
a float plan--Let someone know where you're putting in, your
intended course and when and where you plan to return.
Know
your water--Whitewater kayaking can be very dangerous if you aren't familiar
with the scene. There are river areas too dangerous even for pros. So use good
judgment, ask around, read up on your river, and stop to look over tricky areas
from land first.
Is it safe to bring
children on a kayak?
One should proceed with caution. Warm weather recreational kayaking should be safe for children if you're using
good safety practices.
I am
interested in purchasing kayaks for recreational use for a family
of four that includes two children. I need a sturdy, safe, and reasonably priced
combination. What do you recommend?
Here's an example of what one family bought. They're very pleased with the
combination. Their kids are 9 and 12 and paddle on their own part of the
time.
- Sun Kon
Tiki Expedition w/rudder (a tandem)
- Sun
Velocity Expedition (skeg included standard)
- Sun
Flight Expedition (skeg included standard)
In this
way, everyone in the family has a range of choices. The father is
too large (6'1' 180 lbs) to be completely comfortable in the Flight but he can use it
fairly well. Everyone can rotate between singles and the double. The Flight is a good
size for the wife and 2 kids, but if the boy ends up as large as his father over
the next five years, the Flight will be on the small side and he will prefer the
Velocity. Whoever is most tired usually ends up in the front of the Kon Tiki
(double) for a rest while Mom or Dad do most of the work. It's a great combination
and will grow with the family for life. Even when the children are full grown the combination will work. Everyone will always have a choice between a
single or a tandem.
All the
Sun kayaks are very stable and perform surprisingly well. These are superb
crossovers made of nearly indestructible Xytec--a very light, super stiff
plastic that doesn't scratch up much. I take my family out in these very same kayaks.

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